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Six people were killed in the 22 April 2019 Hpakant jade mine collapse. At least 15 jade-seekers in a closed mine were killed and 45 injured by a landslide in July 2018. Most of those killed were people living near the waste heap, who made their living scavenging through waste soil looking for jade remnants. Over 100 people were killed in a landslide in the 22 November 2015 Hpakant jade mine disaster. The companies enjoy government backing, however, and local complaints are regularly ignored. The Kachin Environmental Organization, based on the Sino-Burmese border, says that people living in the Hpakant area had appealed to the companies not to dump waste near the Uru River and to avoid environmental damage. Ībout 100 jade mining companies operate in the Hpakant area. The disaster is being blamed on jade mining, which creates large deposits of debris that block heavy rain from reaching natural rivers and drainage, including the Uru river. The flood waters swept away homes, blocked roads and cut communications. More than 30 (and up to 70) people are believed to have been killed in a massive landslide near Hpakant in early July 2009 official figures are not available.
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It is owned by another one of the ethnic ceasefire groups, the Pa-O National Army (PNA) headed by Aung Kham Hti. An explosion at Hpakant Gyi mine on New Year's Eve 2008 killed 2 miners and injured 7. One thousand miners apparently drowned in 2000 when flood waters of the Uru River rushed into the underground mines, but the news was hushed up by the authorities according to the locals. Maran Brang Seng, former chairman of the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) from 1976 until he died in 1994, was born in Hpakant in 1930. More recently however the mining contracts went to the well known Burmese tycoon Tay Za's Htoo Group and also to Myanmar Dagaung Co Ltd, a subsidiary of the Hong Pang Group headed by Wei Hsueh-kang, a former drug trafficker and leader of the Wa insurgent group UWSA turned entrepreneur after the cease-fire deal.
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The KIA however lost control of the jade mines once the ceasefire had been arranged, and firms from China, Hong Kong and Singapore started to operate in the area after winning concessions from the government. There have been instances of locals being forced to leave their homes when upland areas were bulldozed by the big mining companies. The Uru River has also been affected by the dumping of soil. Ĭoncerns have been expressed regarding the encroachment on and destruction of the environment from deforestation and landslides resulting from mining activities and consequent flooding. Both addicts and drug dealers were rounded up, taken to the nearby Uru River, shot and dumped in the river. Since after the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) came into the area before negotiating a ceasefire agreement with Burma's military government in the early 1990s, heroin is no longer openly on sale on the streets of Hpakant. Like an old mining town of the American West, Hpakant has been dubbed "the wild wild east" replete with alcohol, gambling, prostitution, and opium dens. Map including the Hpakant area ( DMA, 1990)